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Teorii ale localizarii-Prin localizare se urmaresc mai multe aspecte:-- minimizarea costurilor de transport-- existenta unui potential natural, social, economic hotarator in luarea deciziei de localizare-- aspecte legate de profitabilitatea regiunii-- existenta unor poli de crestere
Teorii ale localizarii bazate pe costurile de transport--- Johann Heinrich von Thunen – 1826- “Statul izolat” - propune ideea de economie izolata intr-un spatiu idealizat: exista un stat ideal sau izolat care are un singur oras drept centru si care este aprovizionat cu toate produsele agricole necesare, urmarindu-se descoperirea unor principii care determina, in astfel de conditii, pe fermieri sa primeasca rente pe diferite suprafete de teren.
Alte conditii:-- The Isolated State is surrounded by wilderness. -- The land is completely flat and has no rivers or mountains. -- Soil quality and climate are consistent. -- Farmers in the Isolated State transport their own goods to market directly to the central city. --There are no roads. -- Farmers behave rationally to maximize profits. -
The model generated four concentric rings of agricultural activity. -- Dairying and intensive farming lies closest to the city. Since vegetables, fruit, milk and other dairy products must get to market quickly, they would be produced close to the city. -- Timber and firewood would be produced for fuel and building materials in the second ring. Wood was a very important fuel for heating and cooking and is very heavy and difficult to transport so it is located as close to the city.
- The third zone consists of extensive fields crops such as grain. Since grains last longer than dairy products and are much lighter than fuel, reducing transport costs, they can be located further from the city.-- Ranching is located in the final ring. Animals can be raised far from the city because they are self-transporting. Animals can walk to the central city for sale or for butchering.-- Beyond the fourth ring lies the wilderness, which is too great a distance from the central city for any type of agricultural product.
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