Gramatica limbii engleze

ADJECTIVUL

Gradele de comparatie

1) pozitiv = adjectivul nu se schimba

2) comparativ - de inferioritate (2.1.)

- de egalitate (2.2.)

- de superioritate (2.3.)

3) superlativ - relativ (3.1.)

- absolut (3.2.)

2.1. Comparativ de inferioritate

- pt adj scurte (mono si bisilabice) se formeaza din:

not so/not as + adj + as

Ex: This room is not so big as the bedroom.

sau

This room is not as big as the bedroom.

- pt adj lungi se formeaza:

less + adj + than

Ex: The chair is less comfortable than the bed.

2.2. Comparativ de egalitate

Atat pt adj scurte cat si pt lungi:

as + adj + as

Ex: The bed is as good as the chair.

Ideea de egalitate mai poate fi sugerata si prin constructia:

the same + subst + as

! as si nu like !!!

Ex: This room is the same size as the other one.

Schimbare de valoare gramaticala

Adjectiv Substantiv

big, small size (masura)

long, short length (lungime)

broad, narrow breadth (largime pt ceva concret)

wide, narrow width (largime pt ceva abstract)

high, low height (inaltime)

deep, shallow depth (adancime)

heavy, light weight (greutate)

strong, weak strength (putere)……..etc.

Constructii cu comparativul de egalitate:

as brave as a lion

as blind as a bat

as black as coal

as busy as a bee

as cool as a cucumber

as clear as daylight

as dry as a bone

as easy as ABC

as fresh as a daisy

as hairy as a gorilla

as mad as a hatter (palarier)

as poor as a church-mouse

as silent as a grave

as wise as Solomon

as soft as silk

as smooth as grass

as gentle as a lamb…….etc.

2.3. Comparativul de superioritate

- pt adj scurte

adj + er + than

Modificari ortografice:

1) daca adj se termina in “e”, se adauga doar “r”

Ex: nice – nicer

2) daca adj se termina in “y” precedat de consoana, se transforma “y” in “ier”

Ex: pretty – prettier

Exceptii: shy – shyer

sly – slyer

wry – wryer (stramb)

3) daca adj se termina in consoana precedata de vocala, dublez consoana finala

Ex: big – bigger

- pt adj lungi

more + adj + than

Ex: The book is more interesting than the movie.

Adj provenite din latina sunt urmate de “to” si nu de “than”

Ex: He is superior to me.

3.1. Superlativul relativ

the + adj +est

Ex: large – the largest

silly – the silliest

Modificarile ortografice sunt la fel.

Pentru adj lungi:

the most+ adj

Ex: This is the most expensive thing.

! dupa superlativ urmeaza prepozitiile “of” sau “in”

Ex: He is the best of all/the best in my group.

! daca se face comparatie intre 2 elemente, comparativul implica superlativul:

the + comparativ

Ex: Between you and me, I am the older.

3.2. Superlativul absolut

very + adj

very poate fi inlocuit cu: extremely

exceptionally

tremendously

awfully

! nu toate adj au grad de comparatie, unele definesc ideea de unitate (own, complete, proper, perfect, marvelous, maximum, minimum).

Altele au sufixe si prefixe:

extra – large

over – crowded

super – fine

ultra – short

priceless