Gramatica limbii engleze

We use present simple:

1. For permanent states, repeated actions and daily routines.

He works in a bank. (permanent state)

He takes the train to work every morning. (daily routine/repeated actions)

2. For general truths and laws of nature.

The sun sets in the west.

3. For timetables (planes, trains, etc) and programmes.

The train leaves at 9 o’clock tomorrow.

The Prime Minister arrives next Saturday.

4. For sports commentaries, reviews and narration.

a) Peterson overtakes Williams and wins the race. (sports commentary)

b) Mike Dalton plays the part of Macbeth. (review)

c) Then the prince gets on his horse and quickly rides away. (narration)

The present simple is used with the following time expressions: usually, often, always, etc., every day/week/month/year, in the morning/afternoon/ evening, at night, at the weekend, on Mondays, etc.

It is formed from the short infinitive of the verb (no to) for the 1st person singular and plural, 2nd person singular and plural and 3rd person plural (they); it adds the ending -s or –es to the short infinitive of the verb at the 3rd person singular (he, she, it):

He sleeps till 9 o’clock every morning. She likes tea very much. It eats raw fish.(about an animal).

The following categories of verbs add the ending –ES at the 3rd person singular:

1) Verbs ending in –o: go- he/ she goes; do- he/she does;

2) Verbs ending in -sh: wash-he/she washes; brush-he/she brushes;

3) Verbs ending in –ch or –tch: teach-he/she teaches; watch-he/she watches;

4) Verbs ending in –ss: miss-he/she misses; dress-he/she dresses;

5) Verbs ending in –x: fix-he/she fixes;

6) Verbs ending in –y and the –y is preceded by a consonant, first transform the –y into –i and then adds –es : cry- he/she cries (el/ea plange) ; try- he/she tries (el/ea incearca)

If the –y is preceded by a vowel, then the –y stays the same and the verb only adds the ending –s for the 3rd person singular.

Eg. He plays the violin every Music class.

She prays to God.

John buys fresh bread every morning from the French bakery.

INTERROGATIVE FORM: Do/does + subject +verb (infinitive form) ?

Do you ask good questions?

Does he speak English- (pay attention to the fact that the ending –s or –es disappears in the 3rd person singular, interrogative form, it is taken over by the auxiliary does).

NEGATIVE FORM: I/ you/ we/ they do not/don’t ask questions.

He/ she does not/ doesn’t ask questions.