Lesson 6 - curs engleză

EXPRESSING PURPOSE AND EFFECT

Apart from linking clauses, we can express purpose and result in other ways.

A. Purpose and intention – we can use vocabulary items with meanings related to purpose and intention in different parts of speech.

1. we often express purpose and intention using verbs:

I mean / plan / intend / aim / hope to retire before I’m forty-five.

2. we can also use nouns:

My goal / dream / (short-term) plan / (sincere) hope / (ultimate) aim / (stated) intention / (overriding) ambition is to jump over sixteen meters.

3. adjectives can also express such ideas:

I’m eager / keen / determined / resolved / tempted to see the world before I settle down.

4. noun and verbal phrases can likewise express aims and intentions:

Pam has high hopes of winning.

They have no intention of breaking down.

John has no thoughts of marrying.

I have half a mind to resign.

I’m toying with the idea of moving.

I’ve made up my mind to leave.

He’s set his heart on getting a car.

She harbours a dream of getting married in the Seychelles.

5. prepositional phrases can also express purpose and motive:

She did the course in the hope of getting / with a view to getting / with the aim of getting a job in graphic design.

B. Result, cause and effect – verb and noun structures, as well as adverbial phrases, can express result, cause and effect.

Verb Noun

Money affects attitudes. Money has an effect on attitudes.

Peer pressure influences teenagers. Peer pressure has an influence on teenagers.

Statistics will shape / determine / mould / dictate policy. Statistics will have a bearing on policy.

This will entail / involve / necessitate further research. There will be a need for further research as a result / in consequence.

This will have long-term repercussions / far-reaching implications.

Stress stems from many things. Stress has its roots in many things.

PRACTICE

1. Fill each of the numbered blanks in the passage with a verb from a list.

causes results means leads affects

The recent rapid growth in the tourism industry …………………… (1) that many beautiful town and villages have ceased to belong to their inhabitants. This naturally …………………… (2) the way local people regard their visitors, and the latter’s arrogant dismissive behaviour often …………………… (3) friction. Indeed, this friction sometimes …………………… (4) to open hostility between ‘natives’ and ‘invaders’ which …………………… (5) in a hospitable atmosphere that is to neither side’s advantage.

2. Put the corresponding letter of the right word into the blank of each sentence.

1. Was it just poor time-keeping that resulted ………… in his dismissal?

a. from b. to c. of d. in

2. Where do you think his new enthusiasm ………… from?

a. sources b. leaps c. springs d. traces

3. What were some of the things that brought ………… the French Revolution?

a. up b. about c. around d. on

4. The whole problem has its ………… in the late 1980s.

a. stem b. roots c. cause d. spring

5. The group’s had five consecutive Number One hits, as a(n) ………… of which they’re extremely rich.

a. cause b. reason c. effect d. result

6. Can you shed any light on the reason ………… his appalling behaviour?

a. why b. for c. of d. about

7. References can have a considerable ………… on employment prospects.

a. cause b. decision c. weight d. bearing

8. Accessing information from the World Wide Web ………… basic computer skills.

a. engenders b. arouses c. entails d. accompanies