Organizația Națiunilor Unite

Lista abrevierilor

AG Adunarea Generală

AJIL American Journal of International Law

CEDO Conventia Internatională a Drepturilor Omului

CIJ Curtea Internatională de Justitie

CSCE Conferinta pentru Securitate si Cooperare în Europa

DUDO Declaratia Universală a Drepturilor Omului

ECOSOC Consiliul Economic si Social al O.N.U.

EJIL European Journal of International Law

FIDH International Federation of Human Rights

ICJ International Court of Justice

ILC International Law Comision/Comisia de Drept International

ICNUR Înaltul Comisariat al Natiunilor Unite pentru Refugiati

ONU Organizatia Natiunilor Unite

UE Uniunea Europeană

URSS Uniunea Sovietică

SUA Statele Unite ale Americi

Abstract

The United Nations (UN) is an international organization whose stated aims are facilitating cooperation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress, human rights, and achievement of world peace.

The UN was founded in 1945 after World War II to replace the League of Nations, to stop wars between countries, and to provide a platform for dialogue. It contains multiple subsidiary organizations to carry out its missions.

There are currently 192 member states, including every internationally recognised sovereign state in the world but the Vatican City. From its offices around the world, the UN and its specialized agencies decide on substantive and administrative issues in regular meetings held throughout the year. The organization has six principal organs: the General Assembly (the main deliberative assembly); the Security Council (for deciding certain resolutions for peace and security); the Economic and Social Council (for assisting in promoting international economic and social cooperation and development); the Secretariat (for providing studies, information, and facilities needed by the UN); the International Court of Justice (the primary judicial organ); and the United Nations Trusteeship Council (which is currently inactive). Other prominent UN System agencies include the World Health Organization (WHO), the World Food Programme (WFP) and United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF).

The UN's most visible public figure is the Secretary-General, currently Ban Ki-moon of South Korea, who attained the post in 2007. The organization is financed from assessed and voluntary contributions from its member states, and has six official languages: Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian, and Spanish.

The League of Nations failed to prevent World War II (1939–1945). Because of the widespread recognition that humankind could not afford a Third World War, the United Nations was established to replace the flawed League of Nations in 1945 in order to maintain international peace and promote cooperation in solving international economic, social and humanitarian problems.

Capitolul 1.Introducere si Istoric

Organizatia Natiunilor Unite a fost înfiintată la 24 octombrie 1945,când un număr de 51 de tări se angajau să mentină pacea prin cooperare internatională si securitate colectivă.Astăzi,aproape toate natiunile lumii sunt membre ONU,în total având 192 de state membre.Când statele devin membre ONU, ele acceptă si isi asumă toate obligatiile prevăzute în Carta Natiunilor Unite,un tratat international care stabileste principiile de bază ale relatiilor internationale.

Organizatia functionează pe gamă largă de aspecte fundamentale de la dezvoltarea durabilă, protectia mediului si refugiatilor în caz de catastrofă, combaterea terorismului,dezarmarea si neproliferarea, pentru promovarea democratiei,a drepturilor omului, egalitatea între sexe si emanciparea femeilor.