Cleaning of Water With The Help of Algae Cladophora Glomerata (L) and Chaetomorpha Linum (Muller) Kutzing - Advantageous Perspective From The Economic and Ecologic Point of View

Project aim

Setting of main sources of water pollution in the Republic of Moldova, revelation of species with the high efficiency in biological cleaning of water and elaboration of concrete proposals regarding the improvement of water state.

For achievement of the given aim there were offered the following tasks:

- Organization of investigations on ground area;

- Collection of basic material;

- Documenting of literature;

- Determination and description of researched taxons;

- Execution of laboratory investigations;

- Elaboration of conclusions and concrete offers regarding improvement of water state.

1. Project actuality

The ecologic imprints of the human impact on the planet Earth are emphasized especially evident on the biosphere in ample sense. Our inattentive and very often rash activities in the relations Man – Nature leads to the erosion of the natural capital at the alarm scale. Swift development of industry and agriculture, extension of surfaces under constructions, usage of fertilizers, preservatives and other chemicals, etc. – all these human progresses are generators of new ecologic problems which are faced by the majority of world countries inclusively also the Republic of Moldova. Human civilization enters in conflict with the environment by means of exhaustion of mineral reserves, reduction of environment factors qualities (water, soil, air), by erosion of biodiversity, by means of overload with waste products, etc., but the consequences are numerous ecologic catastrophes. Because of this, before humanity there appeared the necessity of definite measures undertaking for the amelioration of ecological situation on Terra.

One of the essential ecologic problems is the Excessive Pollution of Water that affects the health of population and living organisms from Terra. Many countries of the world has already an acute deficit of water, this factor limits their economic development and is dangerous for the population health. Vegetative and animal world does not manage to adapt to new harmful conditions, gradually disappear many plant, fish and other aquatic living creatures species. Some rivers and lakes are so much polluted, that the fish disappeared completely from them, it was reduced catastrophically the total number of hydrocoles, with the exception of pathogenic microorganisms. Dysfunction of the canalization systems and of the cleaning stations is the problem which is faced by the majority of countries – lead to the growing of biologic contamination of water. As the result, the residual waters and organics wastes are getting in aquatic ponds, becoming dangerous public health.

Republic of Moldova is one of the countries, which faces with the pollution of water. The main sources of pollution are: rubbish, zootechnic wastes, residual home waters, etc. On the water composition influences also the agricultural activity, especially the irrational usage of mineral, organic fertilizers and of pesticides. Namely in villages it is registered the highest degree of pollution of water with many substances, as the example nitrites, nitrates, detergents, etc.

For the improvement of water quality in the Republic of Moldova we offer our project.

2. SYNTHESIS OF LITERATURE

Water is the main component of life on Earth. The potable water is a necessary element for the vital activity of population. On its quantity and quality depends the health state and sanitary – epidemiologic level of nation, level of environment improvement. For many times the concentrations of the fecal wastes from the majority of rivers from Asia exceed for 50 times the set limits of the World Health Organization, many of those who use this water do not suspect even to what risks they are exposed. In Latin America, only 14% of the used urban water are treated adequately before their pouring in rivers.

Nowadays, the problem of water pollution is more and more often elucidated in various ecologic publications, discussed on different symposiums and conferences. According to the literature data, the aquatic resources are more and more polluted with the untreated residual waters and due to the inadequate storage of wastes. The weak drainage of rain water and insufficiency of solid wastes collecting also affects the potable water quality and consequently the quality of life. Insufficiency of water or its bad quality brings material losses to the peasant households, influence negatively on the population health and state of natural biodiversity.

According to the data delivered by the World Health Organization, 2 billions of people are exposed to the risk to infect with the diarrheic diseases the germs of which are disseminated through the water or food, the diseases that constitute the main cause of decease of 5 million of children every year.

Aquatic resources of the Republic of Moldova represent a developed network of rivers with length of more than 16 thousand km. according to the data of the State Ecologic Inspectorate the majority of water has the second degree of pollution – moderate pollution, but the most polluted are the tributaries Bic and Raut, which have at the mouth the III degree pollution.