Infinitivul în Engleza. Aspecte Comparative

INTRIDUCTION

The words of every language fall into classes which are called Parts of Speech. Each part of speech has characteristics of its own. The parts of speech differ from each other in meaning, in form and in function.

One of the parts of speech is the Verb. According to content, the verb can be described as word denoting action (the term action embracing the meaning of activity (to walk, to speak, to play, to study), process (to sleep, to wait, to live), state (to be, to like, to know), relation (to consist, to resemble, to lack) and the like. According to form, it can be described as a word that has certain grammatical features that are not shared by other parts of speech; they have the category of tense, aspect, voice. According to the function, verb can be defined as a word making up the predicate of the sentence.

All the verbals can form predicative constructions. They consist of two elements: a nominal (noun or pronoun) and a verbal (participle, gerund or infinitive). The verbal element stands in predicate relation to the nominal element. That is to say it stands in the subject and the predicate of the sentence. It most cases predicative constructions form syntactic units, serving as one part of the sentence.

In grammar, infinitive is the name for certain verb forms that exist in many languages. In the usual (traditional) description of English, the infinitive of a verb is its basic form with or without the particle to: therefore, do and to do, be and to be, and so on are infinitives. As with many linguistic concepts, there is not a single definition of infinitive that applies to all languages; however, in languages that have infinitives, they generally have most of the following properties:

In most of their uses, infinitives are non-finite verbs.

- They function as other lexical categories  usually nouns  within the clauses that contain them, for example by serving as the subject of another verb.

- They do not represent any of the verb's arguments (as employer and employee do).

- They are not inflected to agree with any subject, and their subject, if they have one, is not case-marked as such.

- They cannot serve as the only verb of a declarative sentence.

- They are the verb's lemma, citation form, and/or name; that is, they are regarded as its basic uninflected form, and/or they are used in giving its definition or conjugation.

- They do not have tense, mood, aspect, and/or voice, or they are limited in the range of tenses, moods, aspects, and/or voices that they can use.

- They are used with auxiliary verbs.

However, it bears repeating that none of the above is a defining quality of the infinitive; infinitives do not have all these properties in every language, and other verb forms may have one or more of them.

Am ales sa compare infinitivul din engleza cu cel din daneza, pentru ca din punct de vedere lingvistic se aseamana mult si , in fapt daneza sta la confluienta dintre cele doua mari grupuri lingvistice gemenic si anglosaxon?, sper ca e correct asa.